🍄 東京キノコ図鑑Tokyo Mushroom Field Guide

アカヤマタケ属（ヌメリガサ科）Waxcap genus (Hygrophoraceae)

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 中Confidence: Moderate

コケむした倒木・根株の上に単生する、非常に小型の鮮やかな緋赤〜橙色のきのこ。傘は径1cm前後で中央がやや窪む釣鐘〜平開形、表面は滑らかで湿時わずかにろう質・光沢がある。柄は細く同色〜やや淡色。周囲は針葉樹林の湿ったコケ地。鮮赤色でろう質感の小型ハラタケ類という特徴から、ヌメリガサ科アカヤマタケ属（Hygrocybe＝ワックスキャップ類）と推定。A tiny, vivid scarlet-to-orange mushroom growing singly on a moss-covered fallen log/root. Cap about 1 cm across, smooth, faintly waxy and glossy when moist; stem slender. The bright red color and waxy texture point to the waxcap genus Hygrocybe (Hygrophoraceae). A single red spark amid the green forest moss.

🔍 確認ポイント: ヒダの付き方（垂生〜直生か）とろう質か、傘や柄の粘性の有無、傷つけたときの黒変の有無（アカヤマタケH. conica群は黒変する）。胞子紋が白色であることの確認。基質が土か材/コケかで種を絞る。To confirm: Whether the gills are decurrent/adnate and waxy, presence of any viscidity, whether the flesh blackens when bruised (the H. conica group blackens), and confirming a white spore print. Substrate (soil vs. wood/moss) helps narrow the species.

カワラタケ属（タマチョレイタケ科）Turkey-tail genus (Polyporaceae)

不食Inedible確度 中Confidence: Moderate

埋もれ材（または根株）から縦に積み重なるように多数の半円形・扇形の薄い革質のカサが重なって塔状のロゼットを形成。表面は黒褐色〜灰褐色で同心円状の環紋が明瞭、縁は淡色〜クリーム色、緑色味は着生藻類による。薄く強靭な革質で環紋をもつ点から、タマチョレイタケ科カワラタケ属（Trametes、カワラタケ Trametes versicolor 類）と推定。Thin, leathery, semicircular to fan-shaped caps stacked vertically from buried wood (or a root), forming a tower-like rosette. Surface blackish- to grayish-brown with clear concentric zones and a pale margin; the greenish tint is epiphytic algae. The thin tough flesh and concentric zonation suggest the genus Trametes (turkey-tail group, Polyporaceae).

🔍 確認ポイント: 傘裏が管孔（多孔菌）であること、孔口の色（白〜淡黄）と1mmあたりの孔数。カサ表面の毛の有無・微毛の質感。ニクウチワタケ属やシハイタケ属など近縁の環紋菌との区別。基質（広葉樹材か）。To confirm: Confirm the underside is a pore surface (a polypore), the pore color (white to pale yellow) and pores per mm, and the texture of any surface hairs. Distinguish from related zoned bracket fungi; check the host wood (broadleaf?).

ハラタケ目の一種（属不明・暗紫褐色の微粒状鱗片）An agaric (genus uncertain)

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 低Confidence: Low

コケの上に単生する有柄のハラタケ型きのこ。傘は径2〜3cmの半球〜まんじゅう形で、暗紫褐色〜赤褐色。表面全体が微細な粒状〜ささくれ状の鱗片に密に覆われ、ざらついた質感。柄も同色で繊維状〜細鱗片状。ツバ・ツボは写真では判然としない。傘表面の顕著な微粒状鱗片という特徴はあるが、写真のみでは科・属の断定が難しい（オキナタケ科Cystodermella類やモエギタケ科Pholiota類、フウセンタケ類などが候補）。A stemmed agaric growing singly on moss. Cap 2–3 cm across, hemispherical to convex, dark purple-brown to reddish-brown, its whole surface densely covered with fine granular-to-scurfy scales giving a rough texture. Stem the same color, fibrillose to finely scaly. The species cannot be pinned down from the photo alone (candidates include Cystodermella, Pholiota, or Cortinarius allies).

🔍 確認ポイント: ヒダの色と付き方、胞子紋の色（褐色系かさび色か白色か）が科の決め手。柄のツバの有無、傘の鱗片が粒状か綿毛状か。基質（土上かコケ／材上か）。KOH反応や生育環境も要確認。現時点では属レベルの断定を避ける。To confirm: Gill color and attachment and spore-print color (brown/rusty/white) are the key to the family. Presence of a ring on the stem, whether the cap scales are granular or woolly, and the substrate (soil vs. moss/wood). Genus is deliberately left undetermined for now.

ツノマタタケ類（橙色のゼラチン質菌）Antler jelly fungi (Calocera / Dacrymyces)

不食Inedible確度 中Confidence: Moderate

同じ場所の朽木・加工木材上に発生した橙色・ゼラチン質の小型菌。先が二叉する鹿角・音叉状のもの（材の割れ目に列生）と、へら〜珊瑚状に枝分かれするものが見られる。橙色・ゼラチン質・材上生・二叉分枝からアカキクラゲ科（ツノマタタケ類）と判断。微小で食用にはしない。Orange, gelatinous small fungi on dead and worked wood at the same spot. Some are antler- to tuning-fork-shaped with forked tips (in rows along cracks in the timber); others are spatula-shaped or branch like coral. Orange colour, gelatinous flesh, growth on wood and forking all point to the Dacrymycetaceae (stagshorn / antler jellies). Too tiny to eat.

🔍 確認ポイント: 子実体が二叉に分かれるか／ゼラチン質か／珊瑚状に枝分かれするか／発生材（広葉樹か針葉樹か）。種の確定には担子器が音叉状に二叉するかを顕微鏡で確認。To confirm: Whether the tips fork / whether the flesh is gelatinous / whether it branches like coral / substrate (hardwood or conifer). Species needs the tuning-fork basidia checked under a microscope.

アミガサタケ（アミガサタケ属）Morel (Morchella)

食用Edible確度 中〜高Confidence: Moderate–High

庭の植え込み（プラスチック製の縁材の脇）の土上に単生。傘は円錐形で、隆起した稜と深く窪んだ小孔からなる顕著な蜂の巣状（網目）。淡黄褐色〜クリーム色。ヒダを持たず子嚢菌類特有の網目構造をもつことからアミガサタケ属（Morchella）と判断。柄は白っぽく中空とみられる。春〜初夏に都市の庭・植え込み・ウッドチップ上に発生するアミガサタケ類の特徴と一致。A single fruitbody on soil beside the plastic edging of a garden bed. The conical cap is a distinct honeycomb of raised ridges and deep pits, pale tan to cream. It bears no gills; the netted, pitted surface is the ascomycete character that places it in Morchella (true morels). The stem looks whitish and hollow. Fits the morels that appear on garden soil, plantings and wood chips in spring to early summer in the city.

🔍 確認ポイント: 傘と柄の内部が一続きの中空か（真正アミガサタケの決め手）。傘が脳状のシワではなく網目状の窪みであること＝有毒のシャグマアミガサタケ属（Gyromitra）との区別。傘と柄の接合様式（下端まで合着＝トガリアミガサタケ型か、スカート状に離れるか）で種を絞る。発生基質と発生時期。To confirm: Whether cap and stem form one continuous hollow (the mark of a true morel). That the cap is netted-and-pitted, not brain-like and wrinkled — this separates it from the toxic false morels (Gyromitra). How the cap joins the stem (fully attached, as in the pointed morels, or hanging skirt-like) helps narrow the species. Substrate and season.

コガネキヌカラカサタケFlowerpot parasol (plantpot dapperling)

毒Toxic確度 高Confidence: High

鮮やかなレモンイエローの小型菌。円筒〜卵形の傘全面が粉状の鱗片に覆われ、細い黄色の柄に乗る。観葉植物の鉢の培養土（パーライト混）から発生し、隣に幼菌が1本。鉢植えに出る代表種。Small mushroom of a vivid lemon yellow. The cylindrical to egg-shaped cap is covered all over in powdery scales and sits on a slender yellow stem. It came up from the potting mix (with perlite) of a houseplant, with a single young fruitbody beside it. The classic flowerpot species.

🔍 確認ポイント: 成長後に傘が開いて放射状の条線とツバが現れるか、胞子紋が白色か。全体が黄色いまま退色しないこと。To confirm: Whether the cap opens with age to show radial striations and a ring, and whether the spore print is white. The whole fungus should stay yellow without fading.

キララタケ属（コキララタケ類の可能性）Mica cap

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 中Confidence: Moderate

朽木の上におがくず状の虫糞を伴って発生する卵形の小型菌。傘表面は微細な鱗片・雲母状の粒、柄は白い。材上生でインクキャップ類、老成すると溶ける。Egg-shaped small mushrooms on rotting wood, accompanied by sawdust-like insect frass. The cap bears fine scales and mica-like granules; the stem is white. A wood-inhabiting inky cap that dissolves as it matures.

🔍 確認ポイント: 傘の雲母状粒／成長後の黒変・液化／胞子紋（黒）To confirm: Mica-like granules on the cap / blackening and deliquescence with age / spore print (black)

カワラタケTurkey tail

不食Inedible確度 高Confidence: High

切り株・倒木に多数重生する薄い半円形の硬いサルノコシカケ型。同心円状の環紋、傘裏は微細な管孔。白色腐朽菌でごく普通種。硬く食用にならない（薬用利用あり）。Thin, hard, semicircular brackets tiered in numbers on stumps and fallen logs. Concentric zones across the cap, fine pores beneath. A white-rot fungus and a thoroughly common species. Far too tough to eat, though it has a history of medicinal use.

🔍 確認ポイント: 傘裏が管孔か／環紋・ビロード状の毛To confirm: Whether the underside is pored / concentric zones and velvety hairs

ホウライタケ属（オチバタケ類）Parachute mushroom (Marasmius)

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 中Confidence: Moderate

落葉上に散生する橙色の微小菌。放射状に溝立つ鐘形〜パラソル形の傘、針金状の細く黒い柄。落葉分解性のホウライタケ属と推定。微小で食用価値なし。Tiny orange mushrooms scattered over fallen leaves. Bell- to parasol-shaped caps with radial grooves, carried on slender, wiry black stems. Presumed Marasmius, a leaf-litter decomposer. Too small to have any food value.

🔍 確認ポイント: 柄の質感（針金状）／傘の溝／発生基質（落葉）To confirm: Texture of the stem (wiry) / grooving of the cap / substrate (leaf litter)

同定困難（崩れかけの菌塊）Unidentified

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 低Confidence: Low

落葉・砂礫上の赤褐色で海綿状（管孔状）の菌塊。老成・崩壊が進み形態が不明瞭。管孔が残ることからイグチ類の老菌の可能性があるが同定困難。Reddish-brown, sponge-like (pored) mass of fungus on leaf litter and gravel. Over-mature and collapsing, so the form is unclear. The surviving tubes suggest an old bolete, but identification is not possible.

🔍 確認ポイント: 新しい個体で傘・柄・孔口を再確認To confirm: Re-examine cap, stem and pores on a fresh specimen

カワラタケ類（多孔菌）Bracket fungus (Trametes / Polyporaceae)

不食Inedible確度 中Confidence: Moderate

倒木上に列生する半円形の多孔菌。白〜クリーム色の傘に橙褐色の環、傘裏は管孔。硬い革質の白色腐朽菌でカワラタケ類。食用にならない。Semicircular polypores in a row along a fallen log. White to cream caps banded with orange-brown, pored beneath. A tough, leathery white-rot fungus of the turkey tail group. Not edible.

🔍 確認ポイント: 傘裏の管孔の細かさ／環紋・毛の有無To confirm: Fineness of the pores beneath / presence of zoning and hairs

ヒメヒガサヒトヨタケ類Pleated inkcap

不食Inedible確度 中〜高Confidence: Moderate–High

直径3cmほどの薄い膜質の傘が完全に平開。中央は灰褐色〜暗褐色でくぼみ、そこから縁まで放射状の深い溝（プリーツ）が走る。草地の地上に単生。ヒトヨタケ類だが本群は液化がごく弱い。Thin, membranous cap about 3 cm across, opened completely flat. The centre is greyish- to dark-brown and depressed, with deep radial pleats running from it to the margin. Single on grassy ground. An inky cap, though this group deliquesces only very weakly.

🔍 確認ポイント: ヒダの黒変・液化の有無、柄の中空・無毛かどうか、胞子紋の色（黒）。種の確定には顕微鏡での胞子形が必要。To confirm: Whether the gills blacken and dissolve; whether the stem is hollow and hairless; spore print colour (black). Confirming the species requires spore shape under a microscope.

アンズタケ属の一種Chanterelle

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 中Confidence: Moderate

淡い杏色〜淡黄色で、縁が大きく波打ち裂けた漏斗〜へら形の子実体が落葉上に散生。傘裏は薄いヒダ状のひだ脈（偽ヒダ）に見えるが、暗所撮影のため断定できず。周囲に同色の個体が複数。Pale apricot to pale yellow fruitbodies, funnel- to spatula-shaped with strongly wavy, split margins, scattered over fallen leaves. The underside appears to bear low, vein-like folds (false gills) rather than true gills, but the shot was taken in poor light and this cannot be settled. Several fruitbodies of the same colour nearby.

🔍 確認ポイント: 傘裏が「刃のあるヒダ」か「低い脈状のひだ（偽ヒダ）」か。偽ヒダで柄に垂生し、杏の香りがあればアンズタケ属。ヒダが薄板状で明瞭ならヒラタケ類・カヤタケ類など別属。肉の色と傷変色も確認。To confirm: Whether the underside has true, blade-like gills or low vein-like folds (false gills). False gills running down the stem plus an apricot smell would indicate Cantharellus; thin, clearly plate-like gills would point to Pleurotus, Clitocybe or another genus. Check flesh colour and any bruising reaction.

アワタケ類（ひび割れ傘のイグチ）Red cracking bolete

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 中Confidence: Moderate

傘表面が細かく亀甲状にひび割れ、割れ目に赤みが覗くイグチ型。カタバミの生える地上。アワタケ類は軟質・青変性で食用価値が低く、近縁種の判別も要するため食毒不明。Bolete whose cap surface is finely cracked into a tortoiseshell pattern, with red showing through the fissures, on ground where wood sorrel grows. Xerocomellus species are soft-fleshed, blue-bruising and of poor food value, and telling the close relatives apart takes care — edibility left unresolved.

🔍 確認ポイント: 傘裏の管孔の色／傷の青変の有無／柄の様子To confirm: Colour of the pores beneath the cap / whether bruises turn blue / appearance of the stem

球形の幼菌（ホコリタケ類／ニセショウロ属の可能性）Young puffball or earthball

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 低Confidence: Low

砂礫混じりの地上に単生する淡褐色の球形菌。表面は微細な斑点状でほぼ平滑。幼菌で属判別が難しく、毒のニセショウロ属と紛らわしい。Pale brown spherical fungus growing singly on gravelly ground, the surface nearly smooth with fine speckles. The genus is hard to fix in so young a specimen, and it is easily confused with the toxic Scleroderma.

🔍 確認ポイント: 縦に割り中身が白く均一か（黒紫・硬い皮はニセショウロ属＝毒）To confirm: Cut lengthwise — is the interior uniformly white? (dark purple flesh with a hard rind means Scleroderma, which is toxic)

同定困難（ピンボケの小型菌）Unidentified

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 低Confidence: Low

主対象が草本でピンボケ。背景に橙褐色の小型菌が複数写るが、同定に足る特徴が得られず。再撮影を推奨。The main subject is a herbaceous plant and the shot is out of focus. Several small orange-brown mushrooms appear in the background, but with too little detail to identify. Worth re-photographing.

🔍 確認ポイント: 現物を近接・傘裏まで再撮影To confirm: Re-photograph the specimen close up, including the cap underside

キララタケ類Mica cap

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 中Confidence: Moderate

樹皮の裂け目に発生する微小な白色菌。傘表面に白い雲母状の粒。接写(IMG_7783)で傘縁が黒く液化しており、ヒトヨタケ型（インクキャップ）と確認。キララタケ属と推定。Minute white fungus emerging from a split in bark, the cap dusted with mica-like granules. The close-up (IMG_7783) shows the cap margin blackening and liquefying, confirming an inky cap. Presumed Coprinellus.

🔍 確認ポイント: 生育基質（材上か）／黒変・液化の有無To confirm: Substrate (whether on wood) / presence of blackening and deliquescence

ヒメヒガサヒトヨタケ類Pleated inkcap

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 中Confidence: Moderate

傘が放射状に強く溝立つ小型菌。細い柄で裸地に単生。パラソル状に開き溶けにくいヒトヨタケ科（旧ヒメコガサ判定から修正）。微小で食用価値なし。Small mushroom whose cap is deeply pleated in a radial fan, on a slender stem, single on bare ground. It opens like a parasol and resists dissolving — a member of the Psathyrellaceae (revised from an earlier Conocybe determination). Too small to have any food value.

🔍 確認ポイント: 傘の溝の深さ／ヒダの付き方To confirm: Depth of the cap pleats / how the gills are attached

チャヒラタケ類（ハタケキノコ属の可能性も）Scurfy twiglet

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 低Confidence: Low

木くず混じりの湿った裸地に群生する褐色の小型菌。傘に繊維状の鱗片。木質基質を好むチャヒラタケ属か、芝地のハタケキノコ属か。胞子紋・ヒダ色で判別要。Brown small mushrooms clustered on damp bare ground mixed with wood chips, the caps bearing fibrous scales. Either Tubaria, which favours woody substrate, or Agrocybe of grassy places. A spore print and the gill colour are needed to separate them.

🔍 確認ポイント: 生育基質（木くずか土か）／胞子紋の色To confirm: Substrate (wood chips or bare soil) / colour of the spore print

スギタケ属／チャツムタケ属Scalycap / rustgill (Pholiota / Gymnopilus)

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 低Confidence: Low

木の根上に束生する橙褐色の鱗片状菌。ヒダは淡黄色。木材腐朽性。チャツムタケ属（苦味・食不適）と近縁で紛らわしく、食用不可。Orange-brown scaly mushrooms in dense tufts on a tree root, with pale yellow gills. Wood-decaying. Close to Gymnopilus — bitter and unsuitable for food — and easily confused with it, so not for the table.

🔍 確認ポイント: 味（苦味の有無）／胞子紋の色（錆色ならチャツムタケ属）To confirm: Taste (bitter or not) / spore print colour (rusty indicates Gymnopilus)

ホコリタケ類（※ニセショウロ属＝毒に注意）Puffball

食用Edible確度 中Confidence: Moderate

苔地に半ば埋もれる球形菌。表面は微粒状。食用になるのは割って中身が白く均一な幼菌のみ。皮が硬く中が黒紫のニセショウロ属（毒）と紛らわしいので必ず縦割り確認を。Spherical fungus half-buried in moss, the surface finely granular. Only young specimens with uniformly white flesh are edible. Easily confused with Scleroderma (toxic), which has a hard rind and dark purple interior, so always cut one lengthwise before deciding.

🔍 確認ポイント: 縦に割り、中身が白く均一か（黒紫・硬い皮は毒）To confirm: Cut lengthwise — is the interior uniformly white? (dark purple flesh with a hard rind is toxic)

テングタケPanther cap

毒Toxic確度 中〜高Confidence: Moderate–High

黄褐色の傘に白い破片状のイボ、傘縁に条線、柄にツバ、基部は球状に膨らむ。テングタケ属の特徴が明瞭。イボテン酸・ムッシモールを含む毒。Yellow-brown cap studded with white fragmentary warts, a striate margin, a ring on the stem, and a bulbous base. The Amanita characters are unmistakable. Toxic, containing ibotenic acid and muscimol.

🔍 確認ポイント: 基部のツボ・襟状の縁／条線の有無To confirm: Volva and collar-like rim at the base / presence of marginal striations

ヒトヨタケ類の幼菌Young inkcap

毒Toxic確度 中Confidence: Moderate

灰白色の鐘形で溝立つ傘、中央に褐色の鱗屑。裸地に単生するインクキャップの幼菌。近縁にアルコールと併せると中毒する種（コプリン）あり。Greyish-white bell-shaped cap with fine grooves and brown scurf at the centre, single on bare ground — a young inky cap. Some close relatives cause poisoning when eaten with alcohol (coprine).

🔍 確認ポイント: 成長後に傘が黒く溶けるか／胞子紋（黒色）To confirm: Whether the cap blackens and dissolves with age / spore print (black)

アワタケ類Bolete

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 中Confidence: Moderate

傘裏が管孔（スポンジ状）のイグチ型と確認。オリーブ褐色のビロード状の傘、黄色い孔口。低木の根元に出る菌根性。傷むと青変する種が多い。Confirmed a bolete: the underside is a sponge-like layer of tubes. Olive-brown velvety cap with yellow pores, appearing at the foot of a shrub — mycorrhizal. Many species in this group bruise blue.

🔍 確認ポイント: 孔口の青変の有無／柄の網目の有無To confirm: Whether the pores bruise blue / presence of netting on the stem

カラカサタケ類（コウタケ属の可能性も）Parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota / Chlorophyllum)

食毒不明Edibility unknown確度 低Confidence: Low

淡色地に褐色の粗い鱗片が同心円状に密生する大型菌。松葉の上。傘裏がヒダならカラカサタケ類、針状ならコウタケ属で属が分かれる。ドクカラカサタケ類（毒）と紛らわしく食用不可。Large mushroom with coarse brown scales set in concentric rings on a pale ground, growing on pine needles. If the underside bears gills it belongs to the parasol group (Macrolepiota / Chlorophyllum); if spines, to Sarcodon — the genus turns on this one character. Easily confused with the toxic Chlorophyllum species, so not for the table.

🔍 確認ポイント: 傘の裏がヒダか針か／柄のツバ・基部の形To confirm: Gills or spines on the cap underside / shape of the stem ring and base

ササクレヒトヨタケShaggy mane

食用Edible確度 高Confidence: High

白い円筒形の傘に反り返るささくれ状の鱗片。苔地に群生。老成すると縁から黒く溶けるヒトヨタケ型。若く白い個体のみ食用（黒変後は不可）。傘の形・鱗片・生え方が一致し確度は高い。White cylindrical cap with coarse, upturned shaggy scales, growing in troops on mossy ground. With age the margin blackens and dissolves into ink — the classic inky-cap pattern. Edible only while young and white, never after blackening. Cap shape, scales and habit all agree, so confidence is high.